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Multicultural transruption
Multicultural transruptions are cultural differences that continue to resurface despite multiple efforts of the dominant group to acculturate minority cultures. Their mere presence challenges the hegemonic practices within mainstream national identity and creates an alternative discourse according to (Barnor Hesse ).〔Hesse, Barnor. Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions' London; New York: Zed, 2000. Print.〕 Traditional notions of the definition of national identity and the cultures that are implied in this definition often deny or fail to incorporate minority cultures and ethnicities. Transruptions challenge the aspects of multiculturalism that tend to try and merge cultural differences into a single national identity. Transruptions are the result of such practices, which obscure the definition of national identity, bringing to light “the fact that racism (be ) an inherent quality of the national identity”.〔Hesse, Barnor. Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions' London; New York: Zed, 2000. Print.〕 Transruptions are the response to dominant culture’s view of other cultures as inferior. Transruptions are “troubling and unsettling” to the national identity “because any acknowledgment of their incidence or significance within a discourse threatens the coherence or validity of that discourse”.〔Hesse, Barnor. Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions' London; New York: Zed, 2000. Print.〕 Thus, national identity may begin to be reexamined with an awareness of the hegemonic practices it contains.
== Multiculturalism Versus Multicultural ==
In order to understand multicultural transruptions, the distinction between multicultural and multicultural''ism'' must be made. Multiculturalism is a political system of discourse characterized by the incorporation of differences and diverse ethnicities into one singular and absolute national identity.〔Rahier, Jean Muteba. "Race, Fútbol, and the Ecuadorian Nation: the Ideological Biology of (Non-)Citizenship." Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics. Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, 2009,2010. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. .〕 It has been discussed by Stuart Hall as a way to “manage diversity".〔Chan, Suzanna. "'God's Little Acre' and 'Belfast Chinatown': Cultural Politics and Agencies of Anti-Racist Spatial Inscription." Translocations 1.1 (2006): 56-75.〕 However, just as there is no one “correct” form of management, there is no one specific theory or view of multiculturalism. Some different forms of multiculturalism have been described as “conservative,” “liberal,” and “pluralist”.〔Hesse, Barnor. Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions' London; New York: Zed, 2000. Print.〕 Each of these stems from a distinct political perspective and view of different cultures as having a positive or negative impact on society. Mainstream multiculturalism acknowledges the different cultures present yet attempts to merge them into a singular nationality that does not engage with cultural differences but erases them.〔Hesse, Barnor. Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, 'Transruptions' London; New York: Zed, 2000. Print.〕 The term multicultural on the other hand, refers to the actual cultural differences or “social characteristics of any culturally heterogeneous society”.〔Chan, Suzanna. "'God's Little Acre' and 'Belfast Chinatown': Cultural Politics and Agencies of Anti-Racist Spatial Inscription." Translocations 1.1 (2006): 56-75. Print.〕 Because multicultural refers to cultural differences, it automatically becomes associated with multiculturalism. The presence of cultural differences challenges multiculturalism’s attempts at managing diversity. Thus, in this sense, one can understand multicultural transruptions as challenges to multiculturalism’ s single national form through multicultural discrepancies.
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